ISBN : 9780702079856
Author : Angus C. Cameron
Publisher : Elsevier
Year : 2021
Language : English
Type : Book
Description : Based on the understanding that oral health is an important social determinant of health, the latest edition of this internationally recognised handbook equips the reader with necessary skills and knowledge to provide truly integrative patient care. The text goes beyond the technical skills needed to treat children’s dental disorders. It covers assessment of a child’s health and development, their oral health, the newest clinical interventions, and concepts of dental disease initiation and progression. It guides the reader through the management and communication skills needed to deal with children, and how to support their overall health behaviours. Written by renowned authors Angus Cameron and Richard P Widmer, this text is an essential companion for all practitioners who treat children, including undergraduate dental students, general dental practitioners, specialist pediatric dentists, orthodontists and pediatricians. Table of contents Cover Image Title Page Copyright Table of Contents Foreword Preface Contributors Acknowledgments Contributors to previous editions Chapter 1 The philosophy of paediatric dentistry: What is paediatric dentistry? Chapter Outline What is paediatric dentistry? Patient assessment: history Examination Occlusion and orthodontic relations Special examinations Steps in diagnosis Assessment of disease risk (see Chapter 4) Clinical conduct Chapter 2 Child development, relationships and behaviour management Chapter Outline Promoting positive behaviour among children, adolescents and their caregivers in the dental surgery Child behaviour and development Use of verbal and nonverbal communication to promote positive behaviour in children Physical structuring and timing during the dental visit Integrating behavioural and pharmacotherapeutic approaches Referring for possible mental health evaluation and care Acknowledgements Further reading Chapter 3 Pharmacological behaviour management Chapter Outline Pain management for children Local anaesthesia Sedation in paediatric dentistry General anaesthesia Further reading Chapter 4 Dental caries Chapter Outline Introduction Oral biofilm The caries process Factors influencing the caries process Caries detection Caries risk assessment Preventing dental caries Clinical management of early childhood caries Social aspects of night-waking and feeding References and further reading Chapter 5 Fluoride and dental health Chapter Outline Introduction Mechanism of action Community fluoridation Topical fluorides for home use Professionally applied fluoride products Planning a preventive programme in the practice Preventive products Behaviour change Fluoride toxicity Clinical implications Further reading Chapter 6 Restorative paediatric dentistry Chapter Outline Introduction Managing dental caries and carious lesions in children Detection and diagnosis of dental caries in children Managing caries as a biofilm-mediated, behaviourally-driven disorder Deciding when to restore Managing lesions limited to enamel (noncavitated, micro-cavitated and not extensive) Fluoride to remineralize enamel lesions (see Chapter 5) Nonfluoride-based remineralizing agents Restorative materials Managing carious lesions extended into dentine Direct restorations for primary molars Atraumatic Restorative Treatment Preformed stainless steel crown placement (the Hall Technique and conventional technique) The Hall Technique for primary molars Conventional crowns for primary molars Zirconia crowns for primary molars Direct restorations for anterior primary teeth Small direct restorations for anterior primary teeth Crown forms for restoring anterior primary teeth Zirconia crowns for restoring anterior primary teeth Other methods to manage dentinal lesions Silver-Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) and Silver-Modified Hall Technique(SMART Hall) Nonrestorative cavity control Management of occlusal caries in permanent teeth Fissure sealants Proximal sealants Behavioural change and motivational interviewing Summary Further reading Chapter 7 Pulp therapy for primary and immature permanent teeth Chapter Outline Introduction Role of primary teeth Evidence for current practice Clinical assessment and general considerations Treatment planning and aspects regarding the decision to retain and restore or extract primary teeth Pulp capping Pulpotomy in primary teeth Therapeutic agents used for pulpotomy in primary teeth Pulpectomy in primary teeth Technique Treatment planning for grossly carious or necrotic immature permanent teeth (Figure 7.10) Pulpotomy in the immature permanent tooth Endodontics versus extraction in immaturepermanent teeth Orthodontic considerations for first permanent molar extraction Further reading Chapter 8 Clinical and surgical techniques Chapter Outline Extraction of teeth in children General principles of tooth extraction in children Repair and suturing of soft tissue injuries Surgical removal of supernumerary teeth or impacted canines Incision and drainage of abscess Management of oral frenula Lingual frenotomy Lingual frenectomy Biopsy of soft tissue lesions (Figures 8.26 and 8.27) Placement of a rubber dam (Figures 8.28 and 8.29) Space maintainers Further reading Chapter 9 Trauma management Chapter Outline Introduction Guidelines for the management of dental injuries Aetiology Child abuse History Examination Investigations Other considerations in trauma management Sequelae of fractures of the jaws in children Luxations in the primary dentition Fractures of primary incisors Crown and root fractures of permanent incisors Root fractures (Figure 9.29) Crown/root fractures Luxations in the permanent dentition Avulsion of permanent teeth (Figure 9.35) Complications in endodontic management of avulsed teeth Autotransplantation (Figure 9.38) Internal bleaching of root-filled incisors Soft tissue injuries Prevention Further reading Chapter 10 Paediatric oral medicine, oral pathology and radiology Chapter Outline Introduction: how to diagnose pathology Orofacial infections Ulcerative and vesiculobullous lesions Pigmented, vascular and red lesions Epulides and exophytic lesions Gingival enlargements (overgrowth) Premature exfoliation of primary teeth Metabolic disorders Oral pathology in the newborn infant Diseases of salivary glands Radiographic pathology in children Further reading Chapter 11 Dental anomalies Chapter Outline Introduction Considerations in the management of dental anomalies Dental anomalies at different stages of dental development Formation of dental lamina Disorders of proliferation Abnormalities of morphology Developmental defects of enamel Fluorosis (Figure 11.26, Table 11.4) Molar–incisor hypomineralization (Figure 11.28) Amelogenesis imperfecta Genetic counselling for enamel disorders Disorders of dentine Dental effects of prematurity and low birth weight Disorders of tooth eruption Loss of tooth structure Further reading Chapter 12 Management of medically compromised paediatric patients Chapter Outline Introduction Congenital heart disease Haematology Red cell disorders Immunodeficiency Childhood cancer Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw Nephrology Gastroenterology Endocrinology Neurology: seizures and epilepsy Respiratory disease Genetics and dysmorphology References and further readingAsthma Chapter 13 Children with special needs Chapter Outline Introduction Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autism spectrum disorder Developmental disabilities and intellectual disabilities Self-mutilation (self-injurious behaviours) (Figure 13.6) Cerebral palsy Hydrocephalus Spina bifida Muscular dystrophies Vision impairment Hearing impairment Oro-motor dysfunction in patients with developmental disabilities Further reading Chapter 14 Management of cleft lip and palate Chapter Outline Introduction Aetiology Embryology (Figure 14.1) Anatomy Diagnosis Management of individuals with clefts of the lip and/or palate Management in the neonatal period Management during childhood Secondary alveolar bone grafting (Figure 14.10) Management in adolescence and early adulthood Oral health in cleft care Further reading Chapter 15 Speech, language and swallowing Chapter Outline Introduction Communication disorders Structural anomalies and their relationship to speech production and eating and drinking Maxillofacial surgery and its relation to speech production Referral to a speech pathologist Referral procedures Further reading Appendix A Blood and serum testing and investigations Haematology Clinical chemistry Blood chemistry Urine chemistry Appendix B Paediatric life support Appendix C Management of anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis-like reactions (anaphylactoid) Incidence Timing Clinical presentation Treatment Notes on management (Figure C.1) Appendix D Management of acute asthma Essential equipment for an asthma kit Bronchodilators (Figure D.1A) Apparatus for administration of bronchodilators Management Appendix E Fluid and electrolyte balance Maintenance replacement Water requirements Electrolyte requirements Fluid deficit Assessment of deficit Replacement of deficit Calculation of deficit Examples Notes on rehydration Appendix F Antibiotic prophylaxis protocols for the prevention of infective endocarditis Pathogenesis Epidemiology Antibiotic prophylaxis At-risk dental procedures Guidelines for clinicians Further reading Appendix G Glasgow Coma Scale Modified Glasgow Coma Scale Appendix H Common drug usage in paediatric dentistry Appendix I Radiography in children Medical imaging modalities Guidelines for radiology in children Radiation dose (Table I.1) Further reading Appendix J Ethics in paediatric dentistry Special ethical challenges in paediatric dentistry Treatment error and treatment failure Coping strategies for errors and medical mistreatment Checklist for management of errors and medical malpractice Further reading Appendix K Somatic growth and maturity Basic indicators of somatic growth and development Dental development Sexual development: peak height velocity Correlation between dental development and other maturity indicators General observations on somatic growth Further reading Appendix L Growth charts Appendix M Eruption dates of teeth Notes on eruption of teeth Further reading Appendix N Construction of family pedigree Appendix O Calculating fluoride values for dental products Sample calculations Appendix P COVID-19 and paediatric dentistry Commentary Stephen Fayle Aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry Enhanced infection control measures Social and economic impact Conclusion Further reading Index