ISBN : 9780128239377
Author : Marianne Legato J
Publisher : Academic Press
Year : 2023
Language : English
Type : Book
Description : Table of contents Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Contributors Chapter 1: Exploring how we become what we are Abstract 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Lamarck, Darwin, and Waddington: Developing the concept of the impact of environment on the phenotype 1.3: Moving into and past the 20th century: Meloni's concept of “hard heredity” 1.4: The 21st century ushers in the postgenomic era and the period of “soft heredity” 1.5: What underlies the swell of interest in epigenetics? 1.6: The Gordian knot of sex and gender 1.7: Symposium: Aims and composition 1.8: The exposome 1.9: Conclusion References Chapter 2: A critical view of the revolution of precision medicine: genetics, epigenetics, sex, and gender Abstract Acknowledgments 2.1: The increase in age-related disorders 2.2: Recent developments in biomedical sciences 2.3: A brief look at the history of drugs 2.4: Personalized medicine versus precision medicine 2.5: Accessibility and affordability 2.6: Privacy of biomedical data 2.7: Gender- and sex-conscious medicine References Chapter 3: Genetic and epigenetic contributions to female-biased lupus disease: X-chromosome inactivation in immune cells Abstract 3.1: Introduction 3.2: X-chromosome inactivation (XCI): An epigenetic mechanism for dosage compensation in mammals 3.3: “Dynamic XCI maintenance” in female lymphocytes 3.4: Dynamic XCI maintenance during lymphocyte development and other immune cells 3.5: Mislocalization of Xist RNA and heterochromatic marks at the Xi is a feature of female-biased lupus disease References Chapter 4: Genetic, molecular, and cellular determinations of sex-specific cardiovascular traits Abstract 4.1: Introduction 4.2: Hormones—The classical explanation for physiological sex differences 4.3: Women-specific risk factors 4.4: CVD sex differences in DNA 4.5: Epigenetic sex differences 4.6: Moving forward References Chapter 5: Epigenetics and mental and physical health of children born after ART Abstract 5.1: Introduction 5.2: Major malformations 5.3: Epigenetic and genetic abnormalities 5.4: Outcome regarding timing of transfer 5.5: Cognitive and mental health of children born after ART 5.6: New techniques 5.7: Neoplasms in children born after ART References Chapter 6: Epigenetic aspects of male infertility treatment Abstract 6.1: Background 6.2: Epigenetics of fertilization 6.3: Embryo developmental competence of the male gamete 6.4: Genomic profiling of the spermatozoon 6.5: Epigenetic predictor of spermatogenesis 6.6: Conclusion References Chapter 7: Evidence for assisted reproductive technology associated epigenetic variation in humans Abstract 7.1: Introduction to assisted reproductive technology 7.2: Epigenetic processes 7.3: Unanswered questions 7.4: Conclusion References Chapter 8: Deconvoluting the functional role of DNA methylation in trauma; Implications for epigenetic therapy and prospects of targeted “epigenetic therapy” Abstract 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Differential methylation profiles between resilient and susceptible animals 8.3: Differences in expression of the DNA methylating enzyme DNMT3A in NAc between the susceptible and resilient animals 8.4: RORA is an upstream regulator of pathways enriched with differentially methylated genes between susceptible and resilient animals 8.5: Overexpression of Dnmt3a and Rora in the NAc converts susceptible animals to resilient while knockdown of Dnmt3a and Rora converts “resilient” animals to “susceptible” 8.6: A combination of retinoic acid and SAMe supplementation reverses PTSD-like behaviors 8.7: The methylation profile of a fetus is altered in a sex specific manner by genetic depletion of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (Nr3c1) 8.8: Developing new tools to determine causality of DNA methylation alteration in PTSD; Prospects for directed epigenetic therapy 8.9: Prospects 8.10: Summary References Chapter 9: Antenatal Origins of Health and Disease—A clinician's perspective Abstract 9.1: Successful aging may start before conception 9.2: The concept of fetal programming 9.3: From gametes to the embryo 9.4: Antenatal origins of health and disease 9.5: The epigenome as target for diagnosis and treatment 9.6: Outlook References Chapter 10: Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the lack of fetal DNA methylation in cord blood Abstract Acknowledgments 10.1: Introduction 10.2: Methods 10.3: Results 10.4: Discussion 10.5: Future direction 10.6: Conclusion References Chapter 11: DNA methylation and other epigenetic modifications mediating the transgenerational impacts of paternal exposures on offspring phenotypes Abstract 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Epigenetic re-programming and regulation of genomic DNA methylation 11.3: Methylation-based epigenetic mechanisms potentially influencing offspring phenotypes 11.4: Topologically associated domains 11.5: Focus studies of paternal stress-associated epigenetic inheritance 11.6: Conclusion References Chapter 12: Epigenetics and psychiatry Abstract Acknowledgments 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Outline of history of epigenetics and psychiatry 12.3: Potential role for epigenetics in psychiatric disorders 12.4: Environmental factors and epigenetics and psychiatry 12.5: Current status of molecular data in epigenetics and psychiatry 12.6: Dual role for genetics and epigenetics in psychiatric disorders 12.7: New developments in epigenetics and psychiatry 12.8: Clinical implications of epigenetics and psychiatry 12.9: Transgenerational inheritance and epigenetics and psychiatry 12.10: Taking epigenetics and psychiatry forward 12.11: Conclusions References Further reading Chapter 13: Integrative transcriptomics reveals sexually dimorphic control of the cholinergic/neurokine interface in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Abstract 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Methodological approach 13.3: Results 13.4: Discussion References Chapter 14: Gender specific neurobehavioral and gene expression changes in a valproic acid (VPA)–induced mouse model of autistic like behavior and correction by S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Abstract 14.1: Autism spectrum disorder in human and animal models: Gender differences and pathophysiology 14.2: Epidemiology of ASD 14.3: Clinical presentation and gender differences of ASD 14.4: Animal models of ASD 14.5: The mechanisms of VPA teratogenicity 14.6: Postnatal studies 14.7: Studies of gene expression in the brain 14.8: Prenatal studies 14.9: Conclusions References Chapter 15: Genetics and epigenetics of the one-carbon metabolism pathway in autism spectrum disorder: Role of a sex-specific brain epigenome Abstract 15.1: Introduction 15.2: Developmental origin of health and disease theory 15.3: Genomic imprinting 15.4: X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) 15.5: Conflict hypothesis of genomic imprinting 15.6: Methylation mechanisms by one-carbon units and involved genes 15.7: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and brain epigenome 15.8: Conclusions References Chapter 16: Novel mechanisms for gene regulation: Chemical tags on RNA molecules Abstract 16.1: Introduction 16.2: Writer, erasers, and readers of m6A 16.3: Misregulation of neuronal development by m6A and associated neuropathologies 16.4: Regulation of glial development by m6A and associated pathologies 16.5: Regulation of behavior by m6A 16.6: Conclusion and future directions References Chapter 17: Genes, environments, and epigenetics Abstract Acknowledgments 17.1: Introduction 17.2: Individual differences and the foraging gene 17.3: The foraging gene and a mechanistic basis for pleiotropy 17.4: Epigenetics 17.5: Conclusion References Chapter 18: Epigenetic mechanisms linking poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy to the cardio-metabolic health of offspring Abstract 1: Introduction to programming 2: Obesity during pregnancy and its short-term consequences 3: Programming by maternal obesity during pregnancy 4: Intervention strategies to prevent programming by maternal obesity 5: Mechanisms that could underly sex differences in developmental programming 6: Conclusion References Chapter 19: Epigenetic aspects of human reproduction and early pregnancy Abstract 19.1: Definition and mechanisms 19.2: Epigenetic impact in molar pregnancy 19.3: Epigenetic changes and trisomy and monosomy in humans 19.4: The impact of epigenetics on antiphospholipid syndrome 19.5: Antiepigenetic impact of drugs 19.6: Types of epigenetic processes 19.7: Clinical epigenetics 19.8: Epigenetics and ART 19.9: Resolvement of epigenetic marks 19.10: Psychological stress in pregnancy and the impact on fetal development 19.11: Long-term impact of folic acid in pregnancy on offspring DNA methylation 19.12: Epigenetics and placenta References Chapter 20: Sex-specific impact of maternal metabolic environment on the development of the offspring, from gametogenesis to infancy and beyond Abstract 20.1: Sex-specific impact of maternal metabolic environment 20.2: Sex-specific impact of maternal obesity on the feto-placental development 20.3: Conclusion References Chapter 21: Mitochondria as epigenetic regulators of reproductive aging Abstract Acknowledgments 21.1: Introduction 21.2: Results 21.3: Future direction 21.4: Conclusion References Chapter 22: The fetal programming of telomere biology hypothesis Abstract Acknowledgments 22.1: Introduction 22.2: How does maternal stress during pregnancy affect fetal development and susceptibility to disease? 22.3: What mechanisms drive the association between maternal stress and the offspring's susceptibility to disease in later life? 22.4: How, if at all, can the adverse effects of maternal stress on fetal development be prevented or reversed? 22.5: Conclusion References Chapter 23: Brain organoids modeling of genetic and environmental impact on neurodevelopmental traits Abstract 23.1: Introduction 23.2: Neurodevelopmental disorders: Clinical and molecular convergences 23.3: Environmental factors associated with NDDs: The role of EDCs 23.4: Reprogramming and brain organoid technologies 23.5: From cohorts to molecules: Adverse impacts of endocrine disrupting mixtures 23.6: Multiplexing strategies to study the effects of chemicals on multiple genetic backgrounds 23.7: Investigating epigenetic inheritance with human in vitro models References Index