ISBN : 9780323789639
Author : Paul Tiwana
Publisher : Elsevier
Year : 2023
Language : English
Type : Book
Description : Enhance your surgical skills with Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2nd Edition! Written by respected international contributors and edited by OMS experts Paul Tiwana and Deepak Kademani, the new edition of this practical, comprehensive guide is divided into two volumes with eBook access included with the print purchase. It offers detailed, step-by-step instructions and more than 2,500 full-color illustrations that demonstrate how to plan for and perform oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures safely and efficiently. Comprehensive and expanded coverage addresses the broad scope of the specialty, ranging from the surgical anatomy of the head and neck to oral surgery, implant surgery, orthognathic and craniofacial surgery, cleft lip and palate, craniomaxillofacial trauma, head and neck oncology, reconstructive procedures, TMJ surgery, facial cosmetic surgery, obstructive sleep apnea, and more. Table of contents Cover image Title page Table of Contents Copyright Dedication Section Editors Contributors Foreword Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Video Contents Volume One Part I. Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck Chapter 1. The Neurocranium The Neurocranium1 Chapter 2. The Orbit and Eye The Hard Tissue Anatomy The Soft Tissue Anatomy Summary Chapter 3. The Paranasal Sinuses Ethmoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus Frontal Sinus Sphenoid Sinus Chapter 4. The Auditory System Temporal Bone External Ear Tympanic Membrane Middle Ear and Mastoid Inner Ear Internal Auditory Canal Facial Nerve and Fallopian Canal Summary Chapter 5. The Anatomy of the Face, Mouth, and Jaws The Skin The Fat Pads of the Face The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System The Facial Layers of the Face: Regional Considerations The Facial Musculature The Facial Nerve The Ligaments and Adhesions of the Face The Trigeminal Nerve: Cranial Nerve V The Vascular Supply of the Face The Oral Cavity The Temporomandibular Joint The Maxilla and Mandible The Nose Summary Chapter 6. The Salivary Glands General Anatomic Considerations Parotid Gland Submandibular Gland Sublingual Gland Minor Salivary Glands Chapter 7. The Neck Lymphatics (Fig. 7.1) Anatomic Triangles of the Neck (Fig. 7.2) Fascial Layers of the Neck (Fig. 7.3) Muscles (Fig. 7.4) Blood Vessels (Fig. 7.5) Nerves Chapter 8. Fascial Spaces of the Head and Neck Superficial Fascia Fascial Spaces of the Face Suprahyoid Fascial Spaces Infrahyoid Fascial Spaces Fascial Spaces of the Neck Chapter 9. Embryology of the Head and Neck Time Line of Head and Neck Development Neurulation and Formation of Neural Crest Cells as a Prerequisite for Head and Neck Development (Fig. 9.1) Skull Development Special Sense Organs Pharyngeal Arches Major Salivary Glands Facial Development Development of the Palate (Fig. 9.10) Anomalies Associated With the Development of the Pharyngeal Arches Part II. Oral Surgery Chapter 10. Routine Extraction of Teeth Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Instrumentation for Routine Extractions Instrumentation for Reflecting the Marginal Gingiva Technique: Basic Principles for Simple Extractions Technique: Perioperative Management Alternative Technique: Atraumatic Extraction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 11. Surgical Extraction of Erupted Teeth Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications for Surgical Extractions Various Techniques Alternative and Modified Techniques Complications and Avoidance Postoperative Considerations Chapter 12. Impacted Teeth Armamentarium Indications for Removal of Impacted Third Molars Contraindications to Removal of Impacted Third Molars Technique: Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars Alternative Technique 1: Elevation of a Lingual Flap Alternative Technique 2: Partial Odontectomy/Coronectomy Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Related to Removal of Impacted Third Molars Chapter 13. Canine Exposure Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: Surgical Exposure of Impacted Maxillary Canine ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE 1 (WITH ONE ILLUSTRATION): Closed Technique: Buccal Impaction Closed Technique: Palatal Impaction Alternative Technique 2: Gingivectomy Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 14. Alveoloplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Simple Alveoloplasty Technique: Complex Maxillary Alveoloplasty/Alveolectomy Technique: Soft Tissue Tuberosity Reduction Technique: Bony Tuberosity Reduction Alternative Technique 1: Osteotomy With or Without Repositioning Alternative Technique 2: Mandibular Techniques Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 15. Palatal and Lingual Torus Removal Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Palatal Torus Removal Alternative Technique 1: Reduction of Small Palatal Tori Alternative Technique 2: Palatal Splint for Postoperative Care Technique: Lingual Torus Removal Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 16. Apicoectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Apicoectomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 17. Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Lingual Nerve Repair Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Inferior Alveolar Nerve Repair Access Technique: Lingual Nerve Repair Alternative Techniques and Modifications Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 18. Odontogenic Infection Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Incision and Drainage of Fascial Space Infection of Odontogenic Origin Alternative Technique 1: Incision and Drainage of Vestibular, Canine, and Palatal Space Abscess Alternative Technique 2: Incision and Drainage of Lateral Pharyngeal and Retropharyngeal Space Abscess6,7 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 19. Vestibuloplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Graft Donor Sites Technique: Stents Technique: Vestibular Skin Grafting and Lowering of Floor of Mouth Alternative Technique 1: Maxillary Submucous Vestibuloplasty Alternative Technique 2: Maxillary Secondary Epithelialization Alternative Technique 3: Crestally Pedicled Mucosal Graft (Lip Switch Myotomy) of the Mandible Alternative Technique 4: Soft Tissue Drape Optimization in Osseous Reconstructed Jaws Alternative Technique 5: Implant Related Vestibuloplasty Procedures Alterative Technique #6: Skin Graft Substitutes Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part III. Implant Surgery Chapter 20. Endosseous Dental Implants Armamentarium (Fig. 20.1) History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Implant Placement in Edentulous (Healed) Alveolar Sites Alternative Technique 1: Extraction of Teeth and Immediate Implant Placement Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 21. Implants in the Esthetic Zone Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 22. All-on-Four Technique Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: All-on-Four Surgery (Figs. 22.2–22.12) ALTERNATIVE or Modified Technique 1: Transsinus All-on-Four (Figs. 22.14 and 22.15) Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 23. The Role of the Zygoma Implant in Maxillary Reconstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Zygoma Anatomic Guided Approach 0–2 Alternate Technique: Zygoma Anatomic Guided Approach 3 and 4 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 24. Pterygomaxillary Implants Armamentarium History of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 25. Site Preservation and Ridge Augmentation Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Socket Augmentation Technique: Guided Bone Regeneration for Horizontal Defects Alternative Technique 1: Guided Bone Regeneration for Vertical Defects Alternative Technique 2: Guided Bone Regeneration With Implant Placement Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Preoperative Factors Postoperative Considerations Chapter 26. Distraction Osteogenesis for Height, Width, or Repositioning of the Alveolar Process Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Alveolar Width Distraction Modified Technique: Bidimensional Distraction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 27. The Maxillary Sinus Lift Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Sinus Lift—Lateral Approach Alternative Technique 1: Sinus Lift—Transalveolar Approach Alternative Technique 2: Ridge-Split Transalveolar Approach Alternative Technique 3: Graftless Sinus Elevation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 28. Endosseous Craniofacial Implants Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Endosseous Craniofacial Implants Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 29. Implant Rehabilitation and Maxillomandibular Free Flap Reconstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Mandible Reconstruction ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE: Palatomaxillary Reconstruction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 30. Implant Salvage Procedures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique for Implant Salvage Modified Technique #1—Regenerative Approach in a One-walled Defect: Graft Containment via Membrane Modified Technique #2—Debridement With Soft Tissue Grafting Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Treatment Planning for Prevention Chapter 31. Prosthodontic Temporization Procedures in Implant Dentistry Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Procedure Performed Directly on Implant at the Time of Implant Placement (Immediate Provisional) Alternative Technique 1: Implant Index at the Time of Surgery: Placement of Provisional After Integration Alternative Technique 2: Placement of Provisional at Time of Implant Placement, Fabricated Indirectly Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 32. Soft Tissue Augmentation Surgery for Dental Implants Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part IV. Orthognathic Surgery Chapter 33. Computer Planning for Orthognathic Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: The Correct Bite and Head Position—Data Acquisition Technique: Digital Model Surgery Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 34. Genioplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Advancement Sliding Osteotomy Alternative Technique 1: Vertical Alteration Alternative Technique 2: Alloplastic Implant Augmentation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 35. Mandibular Subapical Osteotomies Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Anterior Subapical Osteotomy Technique: Total Subapical Osteotomy Technique: Posterior Subapical Osteotomy Alternative Technique: Combined Sagittal Split Osteotomy and Reduction Genioplasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 36. Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy Alternative Technique 1: Simultaneous Coronoidectomy Alternative Technique 2: Modification of the Distal Segment for Superior Interference Alternative Technique 3: Modification of the Distal Segment for Inferior Interference Alternative Technique 4: Internal Fixation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 37. Inverted L Mandibular Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Extraoral Inverted L Osteotomy Alternative Technique 1: Intraoral Inverted L Osteotomy Alternative Technique 2: Positioning Plates Used With the Inverted L Osteotomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 38. The Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure The Bad Split Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 39. The Anterior Segmental Maxillary Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Anterior Segmental Maxillary Osteotomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 40. Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Preoperative Considerations, Limitations, and Contraindications Technique Alternative Techniques Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 41. The Le Fort I Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Le Fort I Osteotomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 42. Model Surgery Planning Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Model Surgery Planning Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 43. Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 44. Combined TMJ and Orthognathic Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Mitek Anchor Procedure Technique: High Condylectomy Technique: Low Condylectomy Technique: Mandibular Ramus Sagittal Split Osteotomy Technique: Maxillary Osteotomies Technique: Total Joint Prosthesis Technique: Ankylosis Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part V. Craniofacial Surgery Chapter 45. Endoscopic and Strip Craniectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Open Technique Alternate or Modified Technique #1 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 46. Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Anterior Cranial Vault Reconstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Anterior Cranial Vault Reshaping Alternative Technique 1: Hemi-Bandeau Alternative Technique 2: Modified Lateral Canthal Advancement Alternative Technique 3: Endoscopic or Limited Access Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 47. Posterior Cranial Vault Remodeling Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Posterior Cranial Vault Remodeling Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 48. Total Cranial Vault Remodeling Armamentarium History of the Procedures for Cranial Synostosis Indications for Total Cranial Vault Remodeling Precautions, Limitations, and Contraindications Technique: Total Calvarial Remodeling Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 49. The Le Fort III Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Le Fort III Osteotomy Alternative Technique 1: Modifications of Le Fort III Alternative Technique 2: Simultaneous Le Fort III/I Alternative Technique 3: Internal/External Distraction Osteogenesis of Le Fort III Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 50. Orbital Box Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Orbital Box Osteotomy Alternative Technique: Orbital Osteotomy With Frontal Bandeau Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 51. Monobloc and Facial Bipartition Osteotomies for the Reconstruction of Craniosynostosis Syndromes Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations, Contraindications, and Alternatives Technique: Monobloc and Facial Bipartition Osteotomies Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 52. Techniques for Skull Base and Cervical Spine Access Transfrontal Approach: Access to the Anterior Cranial Fossa, Orbit, Cribriform Plate, and Accessory Sinuses Orbital/Zygomatic Approach: Access to the Orbit, Infratemporal Fossa, Pterygoid Space, and Middle Cranial Fossa Transoral/Facial Approach: Access to the Anterior Skull Base, Pharynx, and Upper Cervical Spine Chapter 53. Facial Translocation Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Alternative or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 54. Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Craniofacial Deformities Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Mandibular Widening Technique: Bilateral Mandibular Lengthening Alternative Technique 1: Parasymphyseal Osteotomy Alternative Technique 2: Unilateral Mandibular Lengthening Technique: Ramus Lengthening Procedure Technique: Ramus Procedure With a Functional Condyle Technique: Condylar Bone Transport to Lengthen the Ramus and Close the Gap Technique: Ramus Lengthening in TMJ Ankylosis Technique: Ramus Lengthening in an Ankylosed TMJ Procedure Postoperative Considerations Chapter 55. Maxillary Intraoral Distraction Osteogenesis Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Maxillary Le Fort I Level Advancement Technique: Maxillary Le Fort I Level Advancement in Clefts Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part VI. Cleft Lip and Palate Chapter 56. Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty–Delaire Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Functional Cheilorhinoplasty of Delaire Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Step 9: Step 10: Alternative Technique 1: Right Complete Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty Alternative Technique 2: Incomplete Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 57. Rotation-Advancement Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty Armamentarium History Indications and Advantages Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Millard Rotation-Advancement Alternative Technique: Extended Mohler Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 58. Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty—Fisher Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Fisher Anatomic Subunit Reapproximation for Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip Alternative Technique: Incomplete Unilateral Cleft Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 59. Unilateral Cheilorhinoplasty—Talmant Protocol Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Functional Cheilorhinoplasty of Talmant Alternative Technique: Vermillion Asymmetry Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 60. Bilateral Cheilorhinoplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Modified Millard for Bilateral Cleft Lip Repair Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 61. Cleft Palate—Modified Two-Flap Technique Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Two-Flap Palatoplasty Alternative Technique 1: Vomer Flap Alternative Technique 2: Buccal Fat Pad Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 62. Cleft Palate—Furlow Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Cleft Palate Repair by Double-opposing Z-plasty Alternate or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Conclusion Chapter 63. Cleft Palate Repair—Intravelar Veloplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique—Intravelar Veloplasty (see Video 63.1) Alternative Technique: Woo Component Separation Palatoplasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 64. Techniques in Bone Grafting the Cleft Maxilla and Palate Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Bone Grafting of the Cleft Maxilla and Palate Alternative Techniques Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 65. Pharyngoplasty for Velopharyngeal Incompetence Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap Alternative Technique 1: Pharyngoplasty Alternative Technique 2: Revision Palatoplasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 66. Cleft (Secondary) Rhinoplasty in the Adult Patient Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty Chapter 67. Cleft Le Fort Osteotomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Le Fort I Osteotomy—UCLP Ungrafted Alveolar Cleft Technique: Le Fort I Osteotomy—BCLP Ungrafted Alveolar Clefts Technique: Le Fort II Osteotomy—UCLP or BCLP Grafted Alveolar Clefts Alternative Technique 1: Modified Le Fort I for UCLP Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 68. Secondary Surgery in Cleft Patients Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Limitations Contraindications Technique: Problem-Based Surgical Management of the Cleft Lip Technique: Problem-Based Surgical Management of the Cleft Palate Free Flap Reconstruction Postoperative Considerations Part VII. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Chapter 69. Repair of Facial Lacerations Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Anatomic Considerations Technique: Closure Technique Avoidance and Management of Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 70. Techniques for Maxillomandibular Fixation Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Application of Erich Arch Bars Alternative Technique 1: Ivy Loops Alternative Technique 2: Intermaxillary Fixation (IMF) Screws Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 71. Surgical Correction of Injuries of the Nasolacrimal System Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Dacryocystorhinostomy2,7 Alternative Technique: Endoscopic DCR Limitations and Contraindications Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 72. Control of Facial Hemorrhage Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Local Control of Non-Life-Threatening Hemorrhage Technique: Controlling Anterior Nasal Hemorrhage Technique: Controlling Posterior Nasal Hemorrhage Technique: Ligation of the Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Technique: External Carotid Artery Ligation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Limitations and Contraindications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 73. Principles and Biomechanics of Rigid Internal Fixation of the Mandible Armamentarium History of the Procedure Instrumentation Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Standard Plate Fixation Alternative Technique 1: Lag Screw Fixation Alternative Technique 2: Locking Reconstruction Plate Fixation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 74. Dentoalveolar Trauma Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Closed Reduction of Dentoalveolar Fractures Alternative Technique 1: Erich Arch Bars Alternative Technique 2: Plating/Fixation Alternative Technique 3: Bone Grafting and Dental Implant Restoration Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 75. Anterior Mandibular Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Open Reduction With Internal Fixation of Anterior Mandibular Fractures Alternative Technique: Lag Screw Fixation of Anterior Mandibular Fractures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 76. Mandibular Body Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Locking Versus Nonlocking Plates Mandibular Body Fracture Incidence Biomechanics Principles of Treatment Techniques TECHNIQUE: Extraoral Approach Treatment Options: Fixation of Mandibular Body Fractures Transoral Approach Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 77. Mandibular Angle and Ramus Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique 1: Intraoral Approach, Champy Technique Alternative Technique 1: Intraoral Approach, Superior and Inferior Border Plating Technique Alternative Technique 2: Submandibular/Transcervical (Risdon) Approach Alternative Technique 3: Closed Reduction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 78. Mandibular Condyle Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Retromandibular (Transparotid) Approach Alternative Technique #1 Alternative Endoscopic Technique #2 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 79. Atrophic Edentulous Mandibular Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Transcervical Approach to the Atrophic Mandible Alternative Technique 1: Plating Inferior Border Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 80. Comminuted Mandibular Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Surgical Treatment of the Comminuted Mandibular Fracture Alternative Technique 1: External Fixator Alternative Technique 2: Maxillomandibular Fixation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 81. Pediatric Mandibular Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Closed Reduction With or Without Maxillomandibular Fixation Alternative Technique 1: Open Reduction With or Without Internal Fixation Alternative Technique 2: Treatment of Mandibular Condylar/Subcondylar Fractures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 82. Principles and Biomechanics of Rigid Internal Fixation (RIF) of the Midface and Upper Face Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Rigid Internal Fixation of the Midface and Upper Face Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 83. Nasal Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Treatment of Nasal Fracture Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Closed Reduction of Nasal Fractures Alternative Techniques Alternative Technique 1: Conventional Intubation and Submental Intubation Alternative Technique 2: Bone Reduction—Internal Approach Incisions and Access Alternative Technique 3: Bone Reduction—Use of an Osteotome Alternative Technique 4: Septal Reduction—Septoplasty Alternative Technique 5: Delayed Rhinoplasty Alternative Technique 6: Multiplane Lateral Osteotomy Alternative Technique 7: Extracorporeal Septoplasty Alternative Technique 8: Camouflage Grafts Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 84. Zygoma Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Maxillary Vestibular, Transconjunctival, and Lateral Canthotomy Approach Alternative Technique 1: Maxillary Vestibular, Transconjunctival, and Upper Blepharoplasty Approach Alternative Technique 2: Hemicoronal Approach for Severely Comminuted Zygomatic Fractures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 85. Orbital Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Isolated Orbital Wall Fractures Alternative Technique 1: Infraorbital Rim Involvement Alternative Technique 2: Lateral Orbital Canthotomy and Transcaruncular Extension Technique: Transantral Endoscopic Repair of Orbital Wall Fractures Alternative Technique 3: Emergency Lateral Canthotomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 86. The Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fracture Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for an Open Procedure to Repair Naso-Orbital-Ethmoid Complex Fractures Limitations and Contraindications Technique: NOE Fixation With Canthal Barb Suspension Alternative Technique: Transnasal Canthopexy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 87. Le Fort Injuries Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Le Fort Fracture Alternative Technique 1: Combination (Open and Closed Reduction) of Le Fort Fracture Alternative Technique 2: Sequencing Alternatives for Le Fort Fractures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 88. Pediatric Midface Trauma Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures Technique: Orbital Floor Fractures Technique: Maxillary Fractures Technique: Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures Alternative Technique: Nasal Fractures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 89. Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Anterior Table Reconstruction and Cranialization Alternative Technique 1: Obliteration Alternative Technique 2: Endoscopic Approaches Alternative Technique 3: Nonoperative Observation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 90. Panfacial Fractures Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Surgical Approaches Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Volume Two Part VIII. Benign Pathology Chapter 91. Biopsy Techniques Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Biopsy Alternative Technique 1: Punch Biopsy Alternative Technique 2: Shave Biopsy Alternative Technique 3: Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Alternative Technique 4: Direct Immunofluorescent Biopsy Alternative Technique 5: Image-Guided Core Needle Biopsy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Conclusion Chapter 92. Temporal Artery Biopsy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Surgical Technique and Steps Alternative Technique 1: STA Biopsy in the Preauricular Region Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 93. Enucleation and Curettage of Benign Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Enucleation and Curettage Alternative Technique 1: Extraoral Approach Alternative Technique 2: Endoscopic Approach Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 94. Marsupialization Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Marsupialization Alternative Technique: Catheter Utilization Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 95. Marginal Mandibulectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Marginal Mandibulectomy Alternative Technique 1: Transbuccal Technique Alternative Technique 2: Cheek-Splitting Transbuccal Approach Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 96. Maxillectomy for Benign Tumors Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Maxillectomy for Benign Tumors Alternative Technique: Maxillectomy With Weber-Ferguson Incision Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 97. Segmental Resection of the Mandible Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Lateral Mandibular Resection Alternative Technique 1: Crossing the Midline Alternative Technique 2: Condylar Resections Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 98. Sublingual Gland Excision and Ductal Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Sublingual Gland Excision Alternative Technique 1: Lateral Approach to the Sublingual Gland Alternative Technique 2: Sialodochoplasty Alternative Technique 3: Repositioning/Transposition of the Submandibular Duct Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations and Complications Chapter 99. Submandibular Gland Excision Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Submandibular Gland Excision for Sialolithiasis ALTERNATE or MODIFIED TECHNIQUE # 1: Submandibular Gland Excision for Sialadenitis ALTERNATE OR MODIFIED TECHNIQUE 2: Submandibular Gland Excision for Benign Tumor ALTERNATE or MODIFIED TECHNIQUE 3: Transoral Excision of the Submandibular Gland ALTERNATE or MODIFIED TECHNIQUE 4: Endoscopic Excision of the Submandibular Gland Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 100. Superficial Parotidectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Superficial Parotidectomy Alternative Technique 1: Partial Superficial Parotidectomy Alternative Technique 2: Extracapsular Dissection Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 101. Sialendoscopy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Standard Technique Alternate or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 102. Thyroidectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Thyroidectomy Postoperative Considerations and Management Technique: Total Thyroidectomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 103. Parathyroid Gland Surgery for Hyperparathyroidism Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Parathyroid Exploration and Gland Excision Alternative Technique 1: Four-Gland Exploration Alternative Technique 2: Parathyroid Reimplantation Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 104. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Technique: Sistrunk Procedure Alternate or Modified Technique #1 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 105. Management of Branchial Cleft Cysts, Sinuses, and Fistulae History of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Excision of Branchial Cyst, Sinus, and Fistula Alternative Technique: Excision of Second Branchial Cleft Cysts via Retroauricular Approach Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 106. Carotid Body Tumor History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Resection of Carotid Body Tumor Alternative or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part IX. Malignant Pathology Chapter 107. Excision of Facial Skin Malignancy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Excision of Facial Skin Malignancy Alternative Technique 1: Primary Closure of Excised Skin Malignancy Alternative Technique 2: Special Considerations for Melanoma Alternative Technique 3: Cryotherapy Alternative Technique 4: Curettage and Electrodesiccation Alternative Technique 5: Mohs Micrographic Surgery Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 108. Local Flaps for Facial Reconstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Basic Concepts in Local Flap Design Postoperative Complications Chapter 109. Panendoscopy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Direct Laryngoscopy (Direct Laryngoscopy With Rigid Laryngoscope) Alternative Technique 1: Flexible Fiberoptic Nasopharyngoscopy/Laryngopharyngoscopy (Nasoendoscopy) Alternative Technique 2: Bronchoscopy (Flexible Bronchoscopy) Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 110. Cricothyroidotomy and Tracheostomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Tracheostomy Alternative Technique: Cricothyroidotomy Alternative Technique: Percutaneous Tracheostomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 111. Local Excision of Oral Malignancy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Site-Specific Surgical Management And Local Reconstruction Options: Buccal Mucosa Alternative Technique 1: Mandibular Gingiva/Retromolar Trigone Alternative Technique 2: Maxillary Gingiva/Palate Alternative Technique 3: Tongue/Floor of the Mouth Alternative Technique 4: Lip/Labial Mucosa Intraoperative Complications and Postoperative Considerations Chapter 112. Glossectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Glossectomy Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Partial Glossectomy Alternative Technique 1: Access to the Base of Tongue Alternative Technique 2: Compartmental Resection Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 113. Composite Resection Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Composite Marginal Mandibular Resection Technique: Composite Segmental Mandibular Resection Alternative Technique 1: Resection of the Overlying Skin Alternative Technique 2: Resection of the Condyle and Masticatory Muscles20 Alternative Technique 3: Composite Resection of the Anterior Mandible Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 114. Maxillectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Total Ipsilateral Maxillectomy With Orbital Preservation via the Weber-Ferguson Approach Alternative Technique 1: Mandibulotomy Approach to Posterior Maxillectomy Alternative Technique 2: Transoral Approach Alternative Technique 3: Midfacial Degloving Approach Alternative Technique 4: Medial Maxillectomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 115. Orbital Resection Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Surgical Procedure—Orbital Exenteration Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 116. Neck Dissection Armamentarium History of the Procedure Classification of Neck Dissection Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Alternative Technique #1 Alternative Technique #2 Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Special Considerations Chapter 117. Sentinel Node Biopsy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Sentinel Node Biopsy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 118. Laryngectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Technique: Total Laryngectomy Alternative Technique 1: Laryngopharyngectomy With Interpositional Free Flap Reconstruction Alternative Technique 2: Total Laryngectomy With Base of Tongue Resection and Free Flap Reconstruction Alternative Technique 3: Tracheoesophageal Puncture at the Time of Laryngectomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Complications Chapter 119. Pharyngectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Total Laryngectomy With Partial Pharyngectomy Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Total Laryngopharyngectomy Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part X. Reconstructive Surgery Chapter 120. Buccal Fat Pad Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Buccal Fat Pad Flap Alternative Technique 1: Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction Alternative Technique 2: Skull Base Reconstruction Avoidance and Management of Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 121. Tongue Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Tongue Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 122. The Palatal Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Palatal Rotation Flap Alternative Technique 1: Modification of the Palatal Rotation Flap Using an Extended Palatal Incision Alternative Technique 2: Nasal Mucosal Closure With Vomerine Flaps in Combination With a Palatal Rotation Flap Alternative Technique 3: Layered Closure of Oroantral Communication With a Buccal Flat Pad Flap and a Palatal Rotation Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 123. Temporalis Axial Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Temporalis Flap for Intraoral Defects Alternative Technique 1: Temporalis Flap for Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Reconstruction Alternative Technique 2: Temporalis Flap for Orbital Reconstruction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 124. Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap Alternative Technique: Deltopectoral Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 125. Submental Island Flap for Reconstruction of Head and Neck Defects Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Reconstruction With a Submental Island Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 126. Latissimus Dorsi Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Free Vascularized Latissimus Dorsi Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 127. Radial Forearm Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Radial Forearm Flap Harvest Alternative Technique 1: Harvesting With the Palmaris Longus Tendon Alternative Technique 2: Radial Forearm Osteocutaneous Flap Alternative Technique 3: Harvesting the Ulnar Flap Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 128. Fibula Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Technique: Osteocutaneous Fibula Harvest Alternative Techniques Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 129. Scapular Free Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Scapular Flap Harvest Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 130. Rectus Abdominis Free Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: The Myocutaneous Rectus Abdominis Free Flap Harvest Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 131. Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Free Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: DCIA With Internal Oblique Muscle Alternative Technique: DCIA With Skin Paddle Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 132. Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Free Flap Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: ALT Harvest Technique Alternative Technique: Pharyngeal Reconstruction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 133. Skin Grafting Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Split-Thickness Skin Grafting Alternative Technique 1: Full-Thickness Skin Graft Harvest Alternative Technique 2: Recipient Site Preparation and Skin Substitutes Alternative Technique 4: Cultured Autologous Epidermal Replacements Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 134. Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Grafting (AICBG) Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Medial Approach Alternative Technique 1: Pediatric Anterior Iliac Crest Bone Harvest Alternative Technique 2: Optional Crest Preservation Alternative Technique 3: Bone Marrow Aspirate Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 135. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Grafting Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvest Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications6 Postoperative Considerations Chapter 136. Tibial Bone Graft Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Tibial Bone Graft Alternative Technique: Proximal Tibial Bone Graft Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 137. Costochondral Graft Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Costochondral Graft Harvesting Alternative Technique 1: Pediatric Patients Alternative Technique 2: Virtual Surgical Planning Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 138. Calvarial Bone Graft Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Split-Thickness Cranial Bone Graft Alternative Technique 1: Full-Thickness Cranial Bone Graft Alternative Technique 2: Myoosseous Pedicled Cranial Bone Graft Alternative Technique 3: Cranial Bone Shavings Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 139. Intraoral Bone Harvesting Techniques Symphysis Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Symphysis Technique Body/Ramus Harvest Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 140. Auricular Cartilage Graft Harvest Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indication for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 141. Facial Nerve Repair and Reanimation Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: Static Procedures TECHNIQUE: Wedge Excision and Cheiloplasty TECHNIQUE: Dynamic Procedures Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 142. Face Transplant Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Alternative or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 143. Autogenous Auricular Reconstruction Armamentarium Introduction History of Procedure Ear Embryology Anatomy and Esthetic Units Indications for the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Hearing Restoration TECHNIQUE: Surgical Technique Postoperative Considerations and Avoidance of Complications Postoperative Considerations Part XI. TMJ Surgery Chapter 144. TMJ Arthrocentesis Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Contraindications and Limitations Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 145. Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique 1: Basic TMJ Arthroscopy (Single-Puncture Arthroscopy) Technique 2: Operative TMJ Arthroscopy (Double-Puncture Arthroscopy) Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 146. Arthroplasty and Eminectomy Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Contraindication and Limitations Technique 1: Arthroplasty Technique 2: Eminectomy Technique 3: Disk Imbrication, Plication, Mitek Implant, Meniscectomy Technique 4: Interpositional Grafting Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 147. Custom Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Relative Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE Key Points: Custom TMJR Management of Common Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 148. Stock Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction Alternate or Modified Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 149. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Ankylosis Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications Limitations and Contraindications Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part XII. Facial Cosmetic Surgery Chapter 150. Brow Lifting Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: Endoscopic Brow Lift ALTERNATE TECHNIQUE: Pretrichial/Trichophytic Forehead Lift Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 151. Facelift Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Facelift Alternative Technique 1: Deep Plane Facelift Alternative Technique 2: Neck Lift Alternative Technique 3: Mini-tuck Alternative Technique 4: No Midline Platysmaplasty and Use of Augmented Liposuction Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Cases Chapter 152. Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: Open Rhinoplasty Including Septoplasty ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 153. Otoplasty Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Cartilage-Sparing Otoplasty Alternative Technique 1: Cartilage-Cutting Otoplasty for Hypertrophic Conchal Bowl Alternative Technique 2: Cartilage-Scoring Otoplasty for Prominent Helix Technique: Surgical Correction of the Protruding Earlobe Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations and Complications Chapter 154. Laser Skin Resurfacing Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Facial Laser Skin Resurfacing Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 155. Liposuction of the Face and Neck Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Face and Neck Liposuction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Other Treatment Modalities Chapter 156. Scar Revision Armamentarium History of Scar Revision Normal Wound Healing Abnormal Scar Formation Technique: Fusiform Elliptical Excision Technique: Z-Plasty Technique: Complex Z-Plasty Technique: W-Plasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 157. Neuromodulators and Injectable Fillers Neuromodulators History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations Contraindication to Neurotoxins Relative Contraindications to Neurotoxin TECHNIQUE: Toxin Postoperative Considerations and Complications Injectable Fillers TECHNIQUE: For Cheeks TECHNIQUE: Nasolabial Folds TECHNIQUE: For Lips Postoperative Considerations/Complications Chapter 158. Augmentation of the Midface and Mandible With Alloplastic Implants Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE: Malar, Genial and Angle Augmentation ALTERNATIVE OR MODIFIED TECHNIQUE: Custom Implants Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 159. Micrografting and Hair Transplantation Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Alternate Technique Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Part XIII. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Chapter 160. Genioglossus Advancement/Hyoid Suspension for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Armamentarium—Genioglossus Advancement History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique Avoidance and Management of Complications Postoperative Considerations Alternative Technique 1: Hyoid–Thyroid Suspension (Hyoidthyroidpexia) Alternative Technique 2: Advancement Genioplasty (With Genial Tubercle Capture) Chapter 161. UPPP, LAUP, and RAUP Procedures for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Armamentarium History of the Procedures Indications for Use of the Procedures Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Alternative Techniques Avoidance of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Complications Chapter 162. Tongue Reduction for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for Use of the Procedure Technique: Keyhole Glossectomy ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 163. MMA for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery Alternative Technique: Digital Workflow With Virtual Surgical Planning Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Chapter 164. Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Placement Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 165. Functional Nasal Surgery Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications TECHNIQUE 1: Submucosal Inferior Turbinate Reduction ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE: Partial Turbinectomy TECHNIQUE 2: Endonasal Septoplasty TECHNIQUE 3: Open Septorhinoplasty Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Avoidance and Management of Postoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Chapter 166. Mandibular Distraction in Infancy for Airway Obstruction Armamentarium History of the Procedure Indications for the Use of the Procedure Limitations and Contraindications Technique: Posterior Body Osteotomy for Mandibular Distraction Alternative Technique: Vertical Ramus Osteotomy for Mandibular Distraction Avoidance and Management of Intraoperative Complications Postoperative Considerations Index